Brain-Compatible Classrooms

Third Edition

Edited by:

Robin J. Fogarty - Robin Fogarty & Associates, Ltd.

Other Titles in:
Learning & the Brain | Teaching Methods & Learning Styles | Thinking Skills

May 2009 | 248 pages | Corwin

In this new edition of the bestseller on brain-compatible learning, author Robin Fogarty synthesizes new research and addresses the role of standards in the brain-compatible classroom. This valuable resource provides the bridge from research to practice for teachers who want to use the latest findings to create high-achievement classrooms. Brain-Compatible Classrooms shares key brain research and its implications for curriculum, instruction, and assessment in the K-college classroom. This innovative, user-friendly book provides insight for linking classroom practice with brain research, Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, Daniel Goleman's emotional intelligence theory, direct instruction of skills, graphic organizers, reflection, transfer, assessment, and other interactive, brain-compatible strategies.

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Author

Introduction

Part I. Physiology and Brain Science

1. Brain Science

The Brain Is the Universe Within

How to Be a Critical Consumer of Research on the Brain and Learning

Just the Facts! What Are the Facts About the Brain?

Macroview: A Look at the Exterior of the Human Brain

Geography of the Human Brain (Topography)

Three Views of the Brain

Top-to-Bottom View

Front-to-Back View

Left-to-Right View

How Has the Brain Evolved?

Microview: A Look at the Interior of the Human Brain

Brain Imaging: How We Know What We Know

How the Brain Works

Neurotransmitters

Differences Between Males and Females

Part II. Principles for Teaching and Learning

2. Principles of the Brain and Learning

The Bridge Between Brain Science and Cognitive Science

The Brain Principles and the Four-Corner Framework

Twelve Brain Principles of Caine and Caine

1. Learning Is Enhanced by Challenge and Inhibited by Threat

2. Emotions Are Critical to Patterning

3. Learning Involves Both Focused Attention and Peripheral Perception

4. The Brain Has a Spatial Memory System and a Set of Systems for Rote Learning

5. The Brain Processes Parts and Wholes Simultaneously

6. Learning Engages the Entire Physiology

7. The Brain Is a Parallel Processor

8. Learning Is Embedded in Natural and Social Settings

9. Each Brain Is Unique

10. The Search for Meaning Is Innate

11. The Search for Meaning Occurs Through Patterning

12. Learning Always Involves Conscious and Unconscious Processes

It's All About Learning

3. Cognitive Science: The Brain Is on My Mind

Brain Science and Cognitive Science

Nature Versus Nurture (Heredity Versus Environment)

Enriched Environments

Intelligence as a Function of Experience

Windows of Opportunity

Nutrition-Cognition Connection

Care and Feeding of the Brain

Abuses and Addictions

New Conclusions

Emotions and the Intellect

Safe Climate

Threat

Challenge

The Brain and the Mind

Brain Versus Mind

Theories of the Intellect

General Intelligence Theory: Spearman

Theory of Cognitive Modifiability: Feuerstein

Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Gardner

Successful Intelligence: Sternberg

Learnable Intelligence: Perkins

Intelligent Behaviors or Habits of Mind: Costa and Kallick

Emotional Intelligence: Goleman

Moral Intelligence: Coles

Memory, Learning, and the Human Brain

Memory Metaphor

It's on My Screen

It's on My Desktop

It's on My Menu

It's on My Hard Drive

Types of Memory Systems

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

Episodic, Procedural, Conditional, and Emotional Memory

Memory Lane: Semantic, Episodic, Emotional, Procedural, and Automatic

Declarative (Explicity) and Procedural (Implicit) Memory

Learning Through Patterns and Chunking

It's All About Teaching

Part III. Brain-Friendly Strategies

4. Strategies for Brain-Compatible Classrooms

The Four-Corner Framework

Brain-Compatible Classroom

Teaching FOR Thinking: Setting the Climate

Research Base - Physiology, Emotions, Environment

Principles of Brain-Compatible Learning

Implications for Learning

Implications for Teaching: Satisfactory

Teaching OF Thinking: Instructing Skills and Standards of Learning

Research Base - Brain, Mind, Intellect

Principles of Brain-Compatible Learning

Implications for Learning

Implications for Teaching: Good

Teaching WITH Thinking: Structuring Interactions

Research Base - Active Learning/Constructivist

Principles of Brain-Compatible Learning

Implications for Learning

Implications for Teaching: Excellent

Teaching ABOUT Thinking: Reflecting Metacognitively

Research Base - Deep Understanding/Transfer

Principles of Brain-Compatible Learning

Implications for Learning

Implications for Teaching: Superior

Definition and Description of Brain-Compatible Classrooms

Research on Teacher Quality

What Teachers Say

What Experts Say

What Kids Say

A Framework for Quality Revisited

5. Setting the Climate for Thinking

Brainwave #1: Emotions - Goleman/LeDeux/Coles

Braindrops: Strategies

Threat Alerts the Body

Challenge Engages the Intellect

Brainworks: Activities

People Search

Fat/Skinny Questions

The Human Graph

Brainwave #2: Enriched Environment - Diamond/Conyers and Wilson

Brainstorms: Application

Braindrops: Strategies

Organizational Enrichments

Sensory Enrichments

Brainworks: Activities

Four Corners

Brainstorms: Application

6. Teaching the Skills of Thinking

Brainwave #3: Microskills and Macroskills - Marzano/McTighe

Braindrops: Strategies

Microskills

Macroskills

Brainworks: Activities

Microskill Lesson - Analysis for Bias

Macroskill Lesson - Problem Solving

Brainstorms: Applications

Brainwave #4: Development of Skills and Concepts - Posner and Keele/Csikszentmihalyi

Braindrops: Strategies

Basic/Apprentice

Advanced/Master

Brainworks: Activities

Basic/Apprentice

Advanced/Master

Brainstorms: Applications

7. Structuring the Interaction With Thinking

Brainwave #5: Active Learning - Vygotsky/Ausbel

Braindrops: Strategies

Teacher Decisions for Cooperative Groups

BUILD Components/Cooperative Strategies

Graphic Organizers

Brainworks: Activities

Dealing With Paradox

Brainstorms: Application

Brainwave #6: Experiential Learning

Braindops: Strategies

Multiple Intelligences

Integrated Curriculum

Brainworks: Activities

Curriculum Corners

Brainstorms: Applications

8. Thinking About Thinking

Brainwave #7: Reflection

Braindrops: Strategies

Making Meaning

Transfer of Learning

Brainworks: Activities

Transfer Tales

Brainstorms: Applications

Brainwave #8: Assessment

Braindrops: Strategies

Traditional Assessments

Dynamic Assessments

Brainworks: Activities

Folk Portfolio

Brainstorms: Application

Appendix A: Suggested Videos to Illustrate the Four-Corner Framework

Appendix B: The Brain

Glossary

References and Suggested Readings

Index

"A fine, useful update of Fogarty's long-time search for appropriate practical classroom applications of cognitive neuroscience research."

Robert Sylwester, Emeritus Professor of Education, University of Oregon

Author, The Adolescent Brain

"An excellent guide and tool for new and veteran teachers who are looking to empower students through brain-compatible lessons."

Heather Vaughn, Early Childhood Program Coordinator

Albuquerque Public Schools, NM

"Relevant and applicable for teachers."

Sue Teele, Associate Dean

University of California-Riverside Extension Program

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Preface

Introduction

Part I: Physiology & Brain Science & Chapter 1: Brain Science

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