You are here

Methodological Thinking
Share

Methodological Thinking
Basic Principles of Social Research Design

Second Edition


April 2016 | 208 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc

Focused on the underlying logic behind social research, Methodological Thinking: Basic Principles of Social Research Design encourages readers to understand research methods as a way of thinking. The book provides a concise overview of the basic principles of social research, including the characteristics of research questions, the importance of literature reviews, variations in data generation techniques, and sampling.

The Second Edition includes a revised chapter on research foundations, with focus on the philosophy of science and ethics; an emphasis on critical thinking; additional attention to evaluating research; and a new selection of briefer, multidisciplinary journal articles designed to be accessible to a wide variety of readers.

 
1. Exploring the World of Social Research Design
Defining Social Research

 
The Study of Social Research Design

 
Evaluating Social Research

 
Methodological Thinking

 
Studying Research Design as Methodological Thinking

 
Methods in Theory and in Practice

 
 
2. Foundations
Foundation I: Data, Concepts, and Theory

 
Foundation II: The Logic of Relationships Between Data and Concepts/Theory

 
Foundation III: Philosophies of Science

 
The Qualitative Versus Quantitative Debate

 
Foundations and Research Design

 
 
3. Research Questions
Characteristics of Appropriate Research Questions

 
Identifying Research Questions in Published Research

 
Creating Research Questions

 
Thinking Ahead: Developing Questions That Will Be Ethical and Practical to Study

 
Revising Research Questions

 
Evaluating Research Questions

 
Research Questions and Research Design

 
 
4. Literature Reviews
Defining "The Literature"

 
Existing Knowledge as Tools for Research Design

 
Defining the Relevant Literature

 
Thinking About the Review Task

 
The Contents and Form of Literature Reviews

 
Evaluating Literature Reviews

 
Literature Reviews and Research Design

 
Examples of Social Research Article Databases

 
 
5. Measurement
Conceptualization and Conceptual Definitions

 
Operationalization and Operational Definitions

 
Conceptualization and Operationalization in Research Led by Inductive Reasoning

 
Measurement Problems in Social Research

 
Evaluating Measurement

 
Measurement and Research Design

 
 
6. Data Generation Techniques
Research Questions and Data

 
Data Generation Techniques

 
Planning Ahead

 
Data Generation Techniques and Research Design

 
 
7. Samples
Populations and Samples in Social Research

 
The Importance of Samples in Social Research

 
Probability Samples

 
Non-probability Samples

 
Evaluating Samples in Published Research

 
Samples and Research Design

 
 
8. Summary: Thinking About Social Research Design
Foundations of Research Design and Evaluation: Methodological Thinking

 
Evaluating Research Design: Variations

 
Assessing Research Quality

 
Characteristics of High-Quality Reports of Research Design

 
Ending and Beginnings

 
 
Appendix: Suggestions for Further Reading
 
Appendix: Articles Used as Examples

Supplements

Student Study Site
EXCLUSIVE! Access to the full-text SAGE journal articles used as examples in the book.

Methodological Thinking is a highly accessible, practical guide to the often-intimidating process of designing a research project. An excellent starting point for an undergraduate course in social research fundamentals, full of useful examples and uncomplicated explanations of the starting stages of the research process.

Adam Driscoll
University of Wisconsin - La Crosse

This concise, approachable book with clear examples from published articles is a useful supplement to long, detailed, technical methodology texts that students sometimes find overwhelming and inaccessible.

Tracy L. Johns
University of Florida

The second edition of Methodological Thinking has only improved upon the first edition, by focusing more attention on critical issues related to sampling and ethics, along with a broader examination of the epistemology underlying social science research. This book is useful as a “go-to” reference on designing social science research and is excellent as a primary text at all levels of college.

Todd L. Matthews
Cabrini College

Methodological Thinking helps students move past their preconceptions of research to critically engage in research design while enhancing skills that will help them evaluate information in their daily lives.

Joseph V. Ross
Florida Gulf Coast University

Sample Materials & Chapters

Chapter 1

Chapter 4


For instructors

Select a Purchasing Option

SAGE Research Methods is a research methods tool created to help researchers, faculty and students with their research projects. SAGE Research Methods links over 175,000 pages of SAGE’s renowned book, journal and reference content with truly advanced search and discovery tools. Researchers can explore methods concepts to help them design research projects, understand particular methods or identify a new method, conduct their research, and write up their findings. Since SAGE Research Methods focuses on methodology rather than disciplines, it can be used across the social sciences, health sciences, and more.

With SAGE Research Methods, researchers can explore their chosen method across the depth and breadth of content, expanding or refining their search as needed; read online, print, or email full-text content; utilize suggested related methods and links to related authors from SAGE Research Methods' robust library and unique features; and even share their own collections of content through Methods Lists. SAGE Research Methods contains content from over 720 books, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and handbooks, the entire “Little Green Book,” and "Little Blue Book” series, two Major Works collating a selection of journal articles, and specially commissioned videos.