Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
SECTION I. SPSS COMMANDS AND ASSIGNMENT OF LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
1. First Encounters
1.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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1.2 Entering, Analyzing, and Graphing Data |
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2. Navigating in SPSS
2.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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2.2 SPSS Variable View Screen |
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2.3 SPSS Data View Screen |
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2.6 Variable View Screen: A Closer Look |
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3. Getting Data In and Out of SPSS
3.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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3.2 Typing Data Using the Computer Keyboard |
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3.3 Saving Your SPSS Data Files |
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3.4 Saving Your SPSS Output Files |
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3.5 Opening Your Saved SPSS Files |
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3.6 Opening SPSS Sample Files |
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3.7 Copying and Pasting Data to Other Applications |
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3.8 Exporting SPSS Files to Other Applications |
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3.9 Importing Files From Other Applications |
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4. Levels of Measurement
4.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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4.2 Variable View Screen: Measure Column |
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4.3 Variables Measured at the Nominal Level |
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4.4 Variables Measured at the Ordinal Level |
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4.5 Variables Measured at the Scale Level |
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4.6 Using SPSS to Suggest Variable Measurement Levels |
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5. Entering Variables and Data and Validating Data
5.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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5.2 Entering Variables and Assigning Attributes (Properties) |
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5.3 Entering Data for Each Variable |
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5.4 Validating Data for Datasets |
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6. Working With Data and Variables
6.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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6.2 Computing a New Variable |
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6.3 Recoding Scale Data Into a String Variable |
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6.5 Split Cases for Independent Analysis |
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6.6 Obtaining a Simple Random Sample (SRS) |
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6.7 Inserting New Variables and Cases Into Existing Datasets |
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6.8 Data View Page: Copy, Cut, and Paste Procedures |
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7. Printing Data View, Variable View, and Output Viewer Screens
7.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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7.2 Printing Data From the Variable View Screen |
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7.3 Printing Variable Information From the Output Viewer |
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7.4 Printing Tables From the Output Viewer |
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8. Using the SPSS Help Menu
8.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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8.4 Using SPSS Case Studies |
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8.5 Using Context Sensitive |
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SECTION II. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS AND GRAPHING
9. Descriptive Statistics
9.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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9.2 Measures of Central Tendency |
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9.3 Measures of Dispersion |
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9.4 The Big Question: Are the Data Normally Distributed? |
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9.5 Descriptive Statistics for the Class Survey |
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10. Creating Graphs for Nominal and/or Ordinal Data
10.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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10.2 A Brief Introduction to the Chart Builder |
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10.3 Using the Chart Builder to Build a Simple 3-D Pie Graph |
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10.4 Building a Population Pyramid |
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10.5 Building the Stacked Bar Graph (percentage of stack’s total) |
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11. Creating Graphs for Continuous Data
11.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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11.2 Creating a Histogram |
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11.4 Creating a Paneled Graph |
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SECTION III. BASIC INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
12. Inferential Statistics
12.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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12.6 Confidence Intervals |
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12.8 Statistical Significance |
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12.9 Type I (Alpha) and Type II (Beta) Errors |
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12.10 Research Steps in Hypothesis Testing |
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12.11 Parametric Versus Nonparametric Tests |
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12.12 Practical Versus Statistical Significance |
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13. One-Sample t Test and a Binomial Test of Equality
13.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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13.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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13.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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13.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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13.5 Confidence Intervals |
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13.6 Nonparametric Test: The Binomial Test of Equality |
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14. Independent-Samples t Test and the Mann–Whitney U Test
14.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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14.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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14.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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14.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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14.5 Nonparametric Test: Mann–Whitney U Test |
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15. Paired-Samples t Test and the Wilcoxon Test
15.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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15.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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15.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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15.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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15.5 Nonparametric Test: Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test |
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16. One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis Test
16.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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16.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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16.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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16.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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16.5 Nonparametric Test: Kruskal–Wallis Test |
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17. One-Way ANOVA Repeated Measures Test and Friedman Test
17.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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17.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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17.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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17.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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17.5 Nonparametric Test: Friedman Test |
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18. Two-Way ANOVA (Factorial)
18.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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18.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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18.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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18.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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19. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)
19.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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19.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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19.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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19.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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20. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit
20.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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20.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection: Legacy Dialogs |
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20.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis: Legacy Dialogs |
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20.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output: Legacy Dialogs |
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20.5 Research Scenario and Test Selection: One Sample |
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20.6 Research Question and Null Hypothesis: One Sample |
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20.7 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output: One Sample |
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21. Chi-Square Test of Independence
21.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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21.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection: Summarized Data |
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21.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis: Summarized Data |
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21.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output: Summarized Data |
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21.5 Research Scenario and Test Selection: Raw Data |
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21.6 Research Question and Null Hypothesis: Raw Data |
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21.7 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output: Raw Data |
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SECTION IV. RELATIONAL STATISTICS – PREDICTION, DESCRIBING, AND EXPLORING MULTIVARIABLE RELATIONSHIPS
22. Pearson’s and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficients
22.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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22.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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22.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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22.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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22.5 Nonparametric Test: Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient |
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23. Simple Linear Regression
23.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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23.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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23.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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23.5 Data Assumptions (Normality) |
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23.6 Data Assumptions (Linear Relationship) |
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23.7 Regression and Prediction |
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23.8 Interpretation of Output (Data Assumptions) |
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23.9 Interpretation of Output (Regression and Prediction) |
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23.10 Research Question Answered |
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24. Multiple Linear Regression
24.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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24.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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24.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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24.5 Data Assumptions (Normality) |
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24.6 Regression and Prediction |
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24.7 Interpretation of Output (Data Assumptions) |
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24.8 Interpretation of Output (Regression and Prediction) |
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24.9 Research Question Answered |
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25. Logistic Regression
25.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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25.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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25.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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25.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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26. Factor Analysis
26.1 Introduction and Objectives |
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26.2 Research Scenario and Test Selection |
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26.3 Research Question and Null Hypothesis |
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26.4 Data Input, Analysis, and Interpretation of Output |
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Appendix A. Class Survey Dataset (Entered in Chapter 5)
Appendix B. Normal Curve Interpretation
Appendix C. Answers to Review Exercises 1, 2, and 3
Appendix D. Datasets Listed by Chapter
Index