Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Unit One: Foundations
Chapter 1: Introducing Sex and Gender
Introducing Sex and Gender
Central Concepts in the Psychology of Sex and Gender
What Makes Sex and Gender So Complicated?
How Have Gender Movements Shaped History?
Chapter 2: Studying Sex and Gender
What Are the Primary Methods of Gender Research?
What is the Meaning of Difference?
Drawing Conclusions from Multiple Studies
Recognizing Common Biases in Gender Research
Conducting Inclusive and Gender-Fair Research
Unit Two: Becoming Gendered: Biological and Social Factors
Chapter 3: The Nature and Nurture of Sex and Gender
The Nature and Nurture of Sex and Gender
How Do Nature and Nurture Interact?
How Do Nature and Nurture Shape Sex Differentiation?
How Do Nature and Nurture Shape Sex Assignment and Gender Identity?
How Do Theories of Gender Differences Account for Nature and Nurture?
Chapter 4: Gender Development
Sex and Gender in Early Development
Major Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development
The Experiences of Gender-Nonconforming Children
Gender Development in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
Gender Development in Middle and Late Adulthood
Unit Three: Stereotypes, Discrimination, and Power
Chapter 5: The Contents and Origins of Gender Stereotypes
The Contents and Origins of Gender Stereotypes
What are the Contents and Structure of Gender Stereotypes?
Where Do Gender Stereotypes Come From?
What are Some Consequences of Gender Stereotyping?
Are Gender Stereotypes Accurate?
So How Universal are Gender Stereotypes, Really?
Chapter 6: Power, Sexism, and Discrimination
Power, Sexism, and Discrimination
How Do Power and Privilege Relate to Sex and Gender?
What Are Sexism and Cis-Sexism?
What is Gender Discrimination?
How Can We Resist and Reduce Gender Discrimination?
Unit Four: Cognition, Emotion, and Communication
Chapter 7: Cognitive Abilities and Aptitudes
Cognitive Abilities and Aptitudes
What is Cognitive Ability?
How Do Cognitive Abilities Differ by Sex/Gender?
How Do Individual Differences and Context Influence Cognitive Performance?
How Do Sex and Gender Relate to Outcomes in School and STEM Fields?
Chapter 8: Language, Communication, and Emotion
Language, Communication, and Emotion
How Do Gender-Related Words Influence Social Perception?
What Role Does Gender Play in Verbal Communication?
What Role Does Gender Play in Nonverbal Communication?
How Does Gender Shape the Experience, Expression, and Identification of Emotions?
Unit Five: Sexuality, Relationships, and Work
Chapter 9: Sexual Orientation and Sexuality
Sexual Orientation and Sexuality
How Do Understandings of Sexuality and Sexual Orientation Differ Across Time and Culture?
What is Sexual Orientation?
How Does Sexual Orientation Develop?
How Do We Measure and Understand Differences in Sexual Orientation?
How Do Sex and Gender Contribute to the Experience of Sexuality?
How Does Sexuality Change Over the Life Course?
Chapter 10: Interpersonal Relationships
Interpersonal Relationships
What Role Does Gender Play in Social Networks and Friendships?
What Role Does Gender Play in Interpersonal Attraction?
What is the Nature of Marriage—Past and Present?
What Role Does Gender Play in Committed Relationships?
What Role Does Gender Play in Parenting and Family Relationships?
Chapter 11: Work and Home
How Have Work and Home Labor Divisions Changed?
How Do People Divide Housework and Childcare at Home?
How Does Gender Operate in The Workplace?
How Can We Explain the Gender Wage Gap?
How Do Work and Family Roles Interact?
Unit Six: Health and Well-Being
Chapter 12: Gender and Physical Health
Gender and Physical Health
How Have Understandings of Health and Longevity Changed Over Time?
How Do Biological Factors Shape Sex Differences in Health?
How Do Social Factors Contribute to Gender Disparities in Health?
How Do Multiple Systems of Discrimination Shape Health and Health Care?
What Do We Know About Gender-Specific Health Issues?
Chapter 13: Gender and Psychological Health
Gender and Psychological Health
How are Mental Illnesses Defined, Classified, and Conceptualized?
What Contributes to Gender Differences in Internalizing Disorders?
What Contributes to Gender Differences in Externalizing Disorders?
What Role Does Gender Play in Eating and Body Image Disorders?
How Do LGBTQ Statuses Relate to Mental Health?
What Role Does Gender Play in Mental Health Help-Seeking?
What Role Does Gender Play in Happiness and Well-Being?
Glossary
References