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Public Opinion
Democratic Ideals, Democratic Practice

Fifth Edition


September 2026 | CQ Press
In Public Opinion: Democratic Ideals, Democratic Practice, Fifth Edition, Rosalee Clawson, Zoe Oxley, and new coauthor Amanda Bittner offer students an accessible and engaging introduction to the study of public opinion.

The text explores the tension between ideals and their practice through a series of questions: In a democratic society, what should be the relationship between citizens and their government? Are citizens’ opinions pliable? Are they knowledgeable, attentive, and informed? Each chapter focuses on exemplary studies, explaining not only the conclusion of the research but also how it was conducted, helping students gain a richer understanding of the research process and see methods applied in context.
 
Preface
 
Acknowledgments
 
About the Authors
 
Part I: What Should the Role of Citizens Be in a Democratic Society?
 
Chapter 1: Public Opinion in a Democracy
Theories of Democracy

 
What is Public Opinion?

 
Defining Key Concepts

 
Empirical Assessments of Public Opinion

 
Themes of the Book

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 2: Studying and Measuring Public Opinion
Public Opinion Surveys

 
Why Public Opinion Polls? Types of Surveys and Some Advantages to Polling

 
Contemporary Challenges and Trends in Public Opinion Polling

 
Experiments

 
Interviews

 
Focus Groups

 
Content Analysis

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Part II: Are Citizens Pliable?
 
Chapter 3: Political Socialization
Childhood Socialization

 
Parental Transmission of Political Attitudes

 
Generational and Period Effects

 
Genetic Inheritance of Political Attitudes

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources For Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 4: Mass Media
What Should Citizens Expect from the Mass Media in a Democracy?

 
What General Characteristics of the Mass Media Shape News Coverage?

 
What Specific Characteristics of the Traditional News Media Shape the Reporting of Political Events?

 
What About Fake News?

 
Are Citizens Affected by the Mass Media?

 
Media Effects in a Changing Technological Environment

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 5: Attitude Stability and Attitude Change
Are Americans’ Attitudes Stable?

 
Presidential Approval

 
Psychological Approaches to Attitudes

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Part III: Do Citizens Organize Their Political Thinking?
 
Chapter 6: Ideology, Partisanship, and Polarization
Converse’s Claim: Ideological Innocence

 
Ideological Identification

 
Party Identification

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 7: Roots of Public Opinion: Personality, Self-Interest, Values, and History
Personality

 
Self-Interest

 
Values

 
Historical Events

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 8: Roots of Public Opinion: The Central Role of Groups
Race, Ethnicity, and Public Opinion

 
Rural Consciousness

 
Gender and Public Opinion

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Part IV: Do Citizens Endorse and Demonstrate Democratic Basics?
 
Chapter 9: Knowledge, Interest, and Attention to Politics
How Knowledgeable, Interested, and Attentive Should Citizens Be in a Democracy?

 
Are Citizens Knowledgeable about Politics?

 
Measuring Political Knowledge

 
Why are Some Citizens More Knowledgeable than Others?

 
What are the Consequences of Political Knowledge?

 
Are Citizens Interested in and Attentive to Politics?

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 10: Support for Democracy and Civil Liberties
Support for Democracy

 
Are Americans Tolerant?

 
Sources of Tolerant Attitudes

 
Are Elites More Tolerant?

 
Contemporary Civil Liberties Controversies

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 11: Support for Civil Rights
Public Opinion and Presidential Candidates

 
Support for Civil Rights Policies

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Notes

 
 
Part V: What Is the Relationship between Citizens and Their Government?
 
Chapter 12: Trust in Government, Support for Institutions, and Social Capital
Trust in Government

 
Support for Institutions

 
Social Capital

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 13: Impact of Public Opinion on Policy
Should Public Opinion Influence Policy?

 
Is Public Opinion Related to Policy?

 
Do Politicians Follow or Lead the Public?

 
Public Opinion and Foreign Policy

 
Conclusion

 
Key Concepts

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Part VI: What Do We Make of Public Opinion in a Democracy?
 
Chapter 14: Conclusion
What Should the Role of Citizens Be in a Democratic Society?

 
Are Citizens Pliable?

 
Do Citizens Organize Their Political Thinking?

 
Do Citizens Endorse and Demonstrate Democratic Basics?

 
What is the Relationship Between Citizens and Their Government?

 
What do We Make of Public Opinion in a Democracy?

 
Deep Thinking Questions

 
Suggested Sources for Further Reading

 
Notes

 
 
Notes
 
Glossary

For instructors

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