Case Studies
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
PART I- A MULTIDIMENSIONAL, MULTITHEORETICAL APPROACH FOR MULTIFACETED SOCIAL WORK
CHAPTER 1- HUMAN BEHAVIOR: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH
Case Study: Manisha and Her Changing Environments
Human Behavior: Individual and Collective
A Multidimensional Approach
Diversity, Inequality, and the Pursuit of Social Justice: A Global Perspective
The Pursuit of Social Justice
Scientific Knowledge: Theory and Research
Critical Use of Theory and Research
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 2- THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Case Study: Intergenerational Stresses in the McKinley Family
Multiple Perspectives for a Multidimensional Approach
Exchange and Choice Perspective
Social Constructionist Perspective
Psychodynamic Perspective
Developmental Perspective
Social Behavioral Perspective
The Merits of Multiple Perspectives
Implications for Social Work Practice
PART II- THE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF THE PERSON
CHAPTER 3- THE BIOLOGICAL PERSON
Case Study 3.1: Cheryl’s Brain Injury
Case Study 3.2: A Diabetes Diagnosis for Bess
Case Study 3.3: Melissa’s HIV Diagnosis
Case Study 3.4: Lifestyle Changes for Thomas
Case Study 3.5: Mary and Her Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Case Study 3.6: Juan and Belinda’s Reproductive Health
An Integrative Approach for Understanding the Intersection of Interior Biological Health and Illness and Exterior Environment Factors
A Look at Six Interior Environment Systems
Exterior Socioeconomic Environment and Interior Health Environment
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 4- THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSON
Case Study: The Premed Student
Information Processing Theory
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Theories of Moral Reasoning
Theories of Cognition in Social Work Practice
Physiological Theories of Emotion
Psychological Theories of Emotion
Attribution Theory: A Cognitive Perspective
Theory of Emotional Intelligence
Social Theories of Emotion
Theories of Emotion in Social Work Practice
Cognitive and Emotional “Disorders”
The Self in Relationships
Impact of Early Nurturing on Development
Feminist Theories of Relationships
Three Categories of Psychological Stress
Coping and Traumatic Stress
How Social Support Aids Coping
How Social Workers Evaluate Social Support
Normal and Abnormal Coping
The Medical (Psychiatric) Perspective
Psychological Perspectives
The Sociological Approach: Deviance
The Social Work Perspective: Social Functioning
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 5- THE SPIRITUAL PERSON
Case Study 5.1: Caroline’s Challenging Questions
Case Study 5.2: Naomi’s Health Crisis
Case Study 5.3: Matthew’s Faith Journey
Case Study 5.4: Trudy’s Search for the Sacred
Case Study 5.5: Leon’s Two Worlds
Case Study 5.6: Jean-Joseph’s Serving the Spirits
Case Study 5.7: Beth’s Framework for Living
The Meaning of Spirituality
Spirituality in the United States and Globally
Transpersonal Theories of Human Development
Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development
Wilber’s Integral Theory of Consciousness
Summary and Critique of Fowler’s and Wilber’s Theories
The Role of Spirituality in Social Work
Spirituality and Human Diversity
Other Aspects of Diversity
Spirituality and the Human Experience
Individual and Collective Well-Being
Implications for Social Work Practice
PART III- THE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 6- CULTURE AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Case Study 6.1: Stan and Tina at Community High School
Case Study 6.2: Ben Watson’s Changing Experience With the Physical Environment
The Challenge of Defining Culture
Changing Ideas About Culture and Human Behavior
Some Important Culture Concepts
A Postmodern View of Culture
Cultural Maintenance, Change, and Adaptation
Common Sense, Customs, and Traditions
Processes of Cultural Change
The Relationship Between the Physical Environment and Human Behavior
Behavior Settings Theories
Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction With the Natural Environment
Environmental Justice and Ecological Justice
Accessible Environments for Persons With Disabilities
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 7- FAMILIES
Case Study: The Sharpe Family’s Postdeployment Adjustment
The Family in Historical Perspective
Theoretical Perspectives for Understanding Families
Psychodynamic Perspective and Families
Family Systems Perspective
Feminist Perspective and Families
Family Stress and Coping Perspective
Family Resilience Perspective
Diversity in Family Structures
Cohabiting Heterosexual Couples
Same-Sex Partner Families
Economic and Cultural Diversity
Challenges to Family Life
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 8- SMALL GROUPS, FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND COMMUNITIES
Case Study 8.1: The Sexuality and Gender Group at a Women’s Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Facility
Case Study 8.2: Changing Leadership at Beacon Center
Case Study 8.3: Filipina Domestic Workers Creating Transnational Communities
Small Groups in Social Work
Small Group Structure, Composition, and Processes
Theories of Group Processes
Symbolic Interaction Theory
Status Characteristics and Expectation States Theory
Self-Categorization Theory
Formal Organization Defined
Perspectives on Formal Organizations
The Ideal-Type Bureaucracy
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Learning Organization Theory
Interactional/Interpretive Perspective
Organizational Culture Model
Organizations as Multiple Oppressions
Nonhierarchical Organizations
Technology and Social Service Organizations
Community: Territorial and Relational
Theoretical Approaches to Community
Contrasting Types Approach
Spatial Arrangements Approach
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 9- SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS, AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL
Case Study 9.1: Leticia Renteria’s Struggle to Make It in the United States
Case Study 9.2: Fighting for a Living Wage
Contemporary Trends in Global and U.S. Social Institutions
Trends in the Government and Political Institution
Trends in the Economic Institution
Trends in the Educational Institution
Trends in the Health Care Institution
Trends in the Social Welfare Institution
Trends in the Religious Institution
Trends in the Mass Media Institution
Theories of Social Inequality
Structural Determinism Versus Human Agency
Social Movements: A Definition
Perspectives on Social Movements
Political Opportunities Perspective
Openness of the Political System
Stability of Political Alignments
Availability of Elite Allies
Mobilizing Structures Perspective
Informal and Formal Structures
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
The Life Course of Social Movements
Cultural Framing Perspective
Frames for Understanding That a Problem Exists
Frames for Recognizing a Window of Opportunity
Frames for Establishing Goals
Frames for Identifying Pathways for Action
Implications for Social Work Practice
PART IV- THE CHANGING LIFE COURSE
CHAPTER 10- THE HUMAN LIFE JOURNEY: A LIFE COURSE
Case Study 10.1: David Sanchez’s Search for Connections
Case Study 10.2: Phoung Le, Serving Family and Community
Case Study 10.3: The Suarez Family After September 11, 2001
A Definition of the Life Course Perspective
Theoretical Roots of the Life Course Perspective
Basic Concepts of the Life Course Perspective
Major Themes of the Life Course Perspective
Interplay of Human Lives and Historical Time
Standardization in the Timing of Lives
Linked or Interdependent Lives
Links Between Family Members
Links With the Wider World
Human Agency in Making Choices
Diversity in Life Course Trajectories
Developmental Risk and Protection
Strengths and Limitations of the Life Course Perspective
Integration With a Multidimensional, Multitheoretical Approach
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 11- THE JOURNEY BEGINS: CONCEPTION, PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH, AND INFANCY
Case Study 11.1: Jennifer Bradshaw’s Experience With Infertility
Case Study 11.2: The Thompsons’ Premature Birth
Case Study 11.3: Sarah’s Teen Dad
Sociocultural Organization of Childbearing and Child-Rearing
Conception and Pregnancy in Context
Developmental Niche of Child-Rearing
Control Over Conception and Pregnancy
Fertilization and the Embryonic Period
Labor and Delivery of the Neonate
Prematurity and Low Birth Weight
Typical Infant Development
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Socioemotional Development
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Child Care Arrangements in Infancy
Infants in the Multigenerational Family
Breastfeeding Versus Bottle Feeding Decision
Risk and Protective Factors in Conception, Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Infancy
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 12- TODDLERHOOD AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
Case Study 12.1: Overprotecting Henry
Case Study 12.2: Terri’s Terrible Temper
Case Study 12.3: A New Role for Ron and Rosiland’s Grandmother
Typical Development in Toddlerhood and Early Childhood
Cognitive and Language Development
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Understanding Moral Development
Helping Young Children Develop Morally
Personality and Emotional Development
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Gender Identity and Sexual Interests
Racial and Ethnic Identity
Developmental Disruptions
Early Childhood Education
Toddlerhood and Early Childhood in the Multigenerational Family
Risks to Healthy Development in Toddlerhood and Early Childhood
Protective Factors in Toddlerhood and Early Childhood
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 13- MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
Case Study 13.1: Anthony Bryant’s Impending Assessment
Case Study 13.2: Brianna Shaw’s New Self-Image
Case Study 13.3: Manuel Vega’s Difficult Transition
Historical Perspective on Middle Childhood
Middle Childhood in the Multigenerational Family
Development in Middle Childhood
Cultural Identity Development
Gender Identity and Gender Roles
Technology and Social Development
Middle Childhood and Formal Schooling
Special Challenges in Middle Childhood
Family and Community Violence
Mental and Physical Challenges
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Emotional/Behavioral Disorder
Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Middle Childhood
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 14- ADOLESCENCE
Case Study 14.1: David’s Coming-Out Process
Case Study 14.2: Carl’s Struggle for Identity
Case Study 14.3: Monica’s Quest for Mastery
The Social Construction of Adolescence Across Time and Space
The Transition From Childhood to Adulthood
Biological Aspects of Adolescence
Nutrition, Exercise, and Sleep
Psychological Aspects of Adolescence
Psychological Reactions to Biological Changes
Theories of Self and Identity
Social Aspects of Adolescence
Relationships With Family
Relationships With Organizations, Communities, and Institutions
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)
Adolescent Spirituality/Religiosity
Pregnancy and Childbearing
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Potential Challenges to Adolescent Development
School-to-Prison Pipeline
Dating Violence and Statutory Rape
Poverty and Low Educational Attainment
Obesity and Eating Disorders
Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Adolescence
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 15- YOUNG AND MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Case Study 15.1: Sheila Henderson, Coming Home at 25
Case Study 15.2: Viktor Spiro, Finding Stability at 44
Case Study 15.3: Michael Bowling, Swallowing His Pride at 57
Theoretical Approaches to Adulthood
Jung’s Analytic Psychology
Erikson’s Psychosocial Life Span Theory
Levinson’s Theory of Seasons of Adulthood
Arnett’s “Emerging” Adulthood
Variations in the Transition to Adulthood
Biological Functioning in Young and Middle Adulthood
Health Maintenance in Young and Middle Adulthood
Physical and Mental Health in Young and Middle Adulthood
Cognition in Young and Middle Adulthood
Personality and Identity in Young and Middle Adulthood
Young- and Middle-Adult Spirituality
Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood
Relationships With Children
Relationships With Parents
Other Family Relationship
Relationships With Friends
Work in Young and Middle Adulthood
Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Young and Middle Adulthood
Implications for Social Work Practice
CHAPTER 16- LATE ADULTHOOD
Case Study 16.1: Ms. Ruby Johnson Is Providing Care for Three Generations
Case Study 16.2: Margaret Davis Stays at Home
Case Study 16.3: Bina Patel Outlives Her Son
Demographics of the Older-Adult Population
Cultural Construction of Late Adulthood
Psychosocial Theoretical Perspectives on Social Gerontology
Biological Changes in Late Adulthood
Age-Related Changes in Physiology
Functional Capacity in Very Late Adulthood
The Aging Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Psychological Changes in Late Adulthood
Intellectual Changes, Learning, and Memory
Mental Health and Mental Disorders
Social Role Transitions and Life Events of Late Adulthood
Caregiving and Care Receiving
The Search for Personal Meaning
Resources for Meeting the Needs of Elderly Persons
Care of People Who Are Dying
End-of-Life Signs and Symptoms
Loss, Grief, and Bereavement
Theories and Models of Loss and Grief
Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Late Adulthood
The Life Course Completed
Implications for Social Work Practice
Glossary
References
Index
About the Contributors
