Rafael J. Engel University of Pittsburgh, USA

Rafael J. Engel, PhD, is Emeritus Associate Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work where he taught from 1988 to 2025. He completed his PhD degree at the University of Wisconsin, MSW degree at the University of Michigan, and BA degree at the University of Pennsylvania. He was one of the three Principal Investigators (with Jeffrey Shook and Sara Goodkind) of the Pittsburgh Wage Study initiative (www.pittsburghwagestudy.pitt.edu) and Director of Research for Age-Friendly Greater Pittsburgh. In addition to Practice of Research in Social Work¸ he has co-authored Fundamentals of Social Work Research (with Russell Schutt) and co-edited Measuring Race and Ethnicity (with Larry Davis). He has authored or co-authored over 50 peer-reviewed articles as well written monographs, technical reports, and research briefs and has presented numerous papers at peer-reviewed conferences. Much of this work has focused on poverty, income inequality, mental health, substance use, and gerontology. Though recently retired (August 2025), Engel continues to write about lower-wage work and assist with studies on Jewish identity as part of the Jewish Identity Research Collaborative.