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Theoretical and Philosophical Foundations of Social Inquiry
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Theoretical and Philosophical Foundations of Social Inquiry
Who's Afraid of Theory?



April 2026 | 355 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc
This text introduces students to the important theories and philosophies that serve as essential foundations for social inquiry. The author’s intention is that each discussion is substantive enough to inspire and motivate readers to think deeper, read more, and wonder more openly. Author Jeong-Hee Kim offers several pedagogical features to help students actively engage with the text such as examples that connect theory to specific research contexts, guidance to help recognize points of convergence and divergence across theoretical traditions, and suggestions to practice thinking with theory.
 
Preface
 
Acknowledgment
 
About the Author
 
Chapter 1: Introduction: What Is Theory?
Prelude: Theory—Personal or too Personal?

 
What Is Theory?

 
Why Theory?

 
Theoretical Framework

 
Theory as Paradigm and Philosophy

 
Forward Thinking: P/A/R/T

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 2: Evolution of Philosophy of Science: Positivism, Logical Positivism, and Postpositivism
Prelude: Dracula

 
Philosophy of Science

 
Positivism: Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Founder of Positivism

 
Logical Positivism and Logical Empiricism

 
Postpositivism: “Less Arrogant Form of Positivism”

 
Enduring Positivism

 
Forward Thinking: Understanding Incommensurability and Shifting Paradigms

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 3: Interpretivism, Hermeneutics, and Phenomenology
Prelude: Spiegel im Spiegel (Mirror in the Mirror)

 
Interpretivism and Hermeneutics

 
Phenomenology

 
Descriptive, Transcendental Phenomenology: Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)

 
Phenomenological Methods

 
Hermeneutical, Ontological Phenomenology: Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)

 
Contemporary Phenomenology: Insights Into Future Inquiry

 
Forward Thinking: Phenomenology as the Humble Philosophy of the Beginning

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Phenomenology for Research

 
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 4: Pragmatism, Symbolic Interactionism, and Semiotics
Prelude: A Serendipity

 
What Is Pragmatism?

 
Four American Pillars of Pragmatism

 
Pragmatism Reconsidered

 
Symbolic Interactionism

 
Symbolic Interactionism in Research

 
Semiotics

 
Forward Thinking: Toward a Neuroscience of the Mind and Brain

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Pragmatism for Research

 
Philosophical Exercise (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 5: Critical Theories: Marxism, Critical Theory, and Critical Race Theory
Prelude: On Scapegoating Critical Theories

 
Marxism

 
Marxist Philosophers

 
Critical Theory

 
Critical Race Theory

 
Forward Thinking: Toward a Critical Pedagogy of Love and Hope

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Critical Theory and Critical Race Theory for Research

 
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 6: Feminist Theories
Prelude: “Battle of the Sexes”

 
Thy Name Is Woman: Deconstructing Gender Injustice

 
What Is Feminist Theory?

 
Strands of Feminist Theory

 
Forward Thinking: Toward Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Feminist Theory for Research

 
Philosophical Exercise (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 7: Poststructuralism
Prelude: Beginning in the Middle

 
What Is Poststructuralism?

 
Foucault (1926–1984): Knowledge, Power, and the Self

 
Deleuze (1925–1995): Multiplicities of Rhizomatic Thinking

 
Derrida (1930–2004): Deconstruction as Justice

 
Forward Thinking: Toward a “Logic of the AND”

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Poststructuralism for Research

 
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 8: Postcolonial Theory, Indigenous Ways of Knowing, and Decoloniality
Prelude: Columbus Day and Indigenous Day

 
Why Postcolonialism?

 
What Is Postcolonialism?

 
Fanon (1925–1961): From Psychiatrist to Architect of Postcolonial Theory

 
Said (1935–2003): Pioneer of Postcolonialism and Critique of Orientalism

 
Bhabha (1949–): Negotiating Postcolonial Identity

 
Asia: Decolonization, Deimperialization, and De-Cold War

 
Latin America: Coloniality and Decoloniality

 
Indigenous Ways of Knowing

 
Forward Thinking: Toward a Decolonial Being—“I Am Where I Think”

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Postcolonialism for Research

 
Philosophical Exercise (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 9: Posthuman Theory and New Materialisms
Prelude: A River as a Legal Person

 
Posthumanism

 
Woman Troika of Posthuman Theory

 
Haraway (1944–): “We Are They”

 
Barad (1956 –): Agential Realism

 
Braidotti (1954 –): Posthuman Predicament in the Anthropocene

 
New Materialisms

 
Forward Thinking: Toward One Health and One Wellbeing

 
The Gordian Knot

 
Posthumanism for Research

 
Philosophical Exercise (Askesis)

 
Further Readings

 
Notes

 
 
Chapter 10: New Beginnings: Toward an Axio-Onto-Epistemology of the Earth
Prelude: Who’s Afraid of Theory?

 
Hybridity as Braiding

 
Narrative, Medicine, and Education: My Braiding

 
Forward Thinking: Toward an Axio-Onto-Epistemology of the Earth

 
 
References

Theoretical and Philosophical Foundations of Social Inquiry presents readers with an introduction to the role of theory, the emergence and evolution of different 'historical moments' of social thought, and how theory shapes not only thinking but doing.

Amira Proweller
DePaul University

This is an innovative, creative, and interesting book that students will actually enjoy reading. The content is strong, and the focus on critical race theory, feminisms, and post-human inquiry provides students with key ideas in contemporary qualitative research.

Julia Storberg-Walker
George Washington University

The author draws on solid foundations and contemporary relevance to illuminate the rich discussions of the consequential theories discussed in the text. Students will learn and draw analogies about the underpinnings of significant social inquiry within the contemporary time.

Deidra F. Jackson
University of Mississippi

Social inquiry textbooks rarely deliver this level of breadth and depth. Moreover, the end-of-chapter features are comprehensive resources for students' understanding and analysis.

Carmen L. McCrink
Barry University

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