Preface
Acknowledgment
About the Author
Chapter 1: Introduction: What Is Theory?
Prelude: Theory—Personal or too Personal?
Theory as Paradigm and Philosophy
Forward Thinking: P/A/R/T
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)
Chapter 2: Evolution of Philosophy of Science: Positivism, Logical Positivism, and Postpositivism
Positivism: Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Founder of Positivism
Logical Positivism and Logical Empiricism
Postpositivism: “Less Arrogant Form of Positivism”
Forward Thinking: Understanding Incommensurability and Shifting Paradigms
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)
Chapter 3: Interpretivism, Hermeneutics, and Phenomenology
Prelude: Spiegel im Spiegel (Mirror in the Mirror)
Interpretivism and Hermeneutics
Descriptive, Transcendental Phenomenology: Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)
Hermeneutical, Ontological Phenomenology: Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)
Contemporary Phenomenology: Insights Into Future Inquiry
Forward Thinking: Phenomenology as the Humble Philosophy of the Beginning
Phenomenology for Research
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)
Chapter 4: Pragmatism, Symbolic Interactionism, and Semiotics
Four American Pillars of Pragmatism
Symbolic Interactionism in Research
Forward Thinking: Toward a Neuroscience of the Mind and Brain
Philosophical Exercise (Askesis)
Chapter 5: Critical Theories: Marxism, Critical Theory, and Critical Race Theory
Prelude: On Scapegoating Critical Theories
Forward Thinking: Toward a Critical Pedagogy of Love and Hope
Critical Theory and Critical Race Theory for Research
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)
Chapter 6: Feminist Theories
Prelude: “Battle of the Sexes”
Thy Name Is Woman: Deconstructing Gender Injustice
Strands of Feminist Theory
Forward Thinking: Toward Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory
Feminist Theory for Research
Philosophical Exercise (Askesis)
Chapter 7: Poststructuralism
Prelude: Beginning in the Middle
What Is Poststructuralism?
Foucault (1926–1984): Knowledge, Power, and the Self
Deleuze (1925–1995): Multiplicities of Rhizomatic Thinking
Derrida (1930–2004): Deconstruction as Justice
Forward Thinking: Toward a “Logic of the AND”
Poststructuralism for Research
Philosophical Exercises (Askesis)
Chapter 8: Postcolonial Theory, Indigenous Ways of Knowing, and Decoloniality
Prelude: Columbus Day and Indigenous Day
Fanon (1925–1961): From Psychiatrist to Architect of Postcolonial Theory
Said (1935–2003): Pioneer of Postcolonialism and Critique of Orientalism
Bhabha (1949–): Negotiating Postcolonial Identity
Asia: Decolonization, Deimperialization, and De-Cold War
Latin America: Coloniality and Decoloniality
Indigenous Ways of Knowing
Forward Thinking: Toward a Decolonial Being—“I Am Where I Think”
Postcolonialism for Research
Philosophical Exercise (Askesis)
Chapter 9: Posthuman Theory and New Materialisms
Prelude: A River as a Legal Person
Woman Troika of Posthuman Theory
Haraway (1944–): “We Are They”
Barad (1956 –): Agential Realism
Braidotti (1954 –): Posthuman Predicament in the Anthropocene
Forward Thinking: Toward One Health and One Wellbeing
Posthumanism for Research
Philosophical Exercise (Askesis)
Chapter 10: New Beginnings: Toward an Axio-Onto-Epistemology of the Earth
Prelude: Who’s Afraid of Theory?
Narrative, Medicine, and Education: My Braiding
Forward Thinking: Toward an Axio-Onto-Epistemology of the Earth
References