Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Student Success Guide
Chapter 1: Psychology’s Place in the World
Multidimensional Perspectives
Specializations and Careers
Values, Ethics, and Social Responsibility
Disparities in Health Care
The Effects of Climate Change
Connecting the Brain With Behavior
Thinking Like a Psychologist about Psychology’s Place in the World
Chapter 2: Psychology and its Methods
Psychological Measurements
Designing Research Studies
Statistics and Scientific Discovery
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Ethical Considerations in Human Research
Psychology Applied: Ethics in Social Media Research
Ethical Considerations in Animal Research
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Psychology and Its Methods
Chapter 3: Behavioral Neuroscience
The Body’s Communication Networks
Tools of Behavioral Neuroscience
The Brain’s Capacity for Growth and Reorganization
Repairing the Damaged Brain: New Frontiers
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Behavioral Neuroscience
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
Measuring the Sensory Experience
Auditory Sensation and Perception
Keeping the Signals Straight
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Sensation and Perception
Chapter 5: Consciousness
Influence Without Awareness
Night Work, Sleeping, and Health
Hypnotic Induction and Suggestion
Is Hypnosis an Altered State?
Consciousness-Altering Drugs
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Consciousness
Chapter 6: Learning
Practical Applications of Classical Conditioning
Psychology Applied: Can the Immune System be Classically Conditioned?
Practical Applications of Operant Conditioning
Developments in Operant Conditioning
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Learning
Chapter 7: Memory
An Information-Processing Model
Functions of Short-Term Memory
What Events Do People Remember?
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Memory
Chapter 8: Thought, Language, and Intelligence
Obstructions in Problem Solving
Characteristics of Human Language
The Relationship Between Thought and Language
The Linguistic-Relativity Hypothesis
Culture, Language, and the Way We Think
Are Intelligence Tests Accurate?
Are Intelligence Tests Biased?
Competing Theories of Intelligence
Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence
Gardner’s “Frames of Mind”
The Great Intelligence Debates
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Chapter 9: Personality
The Birth of Psychoanalysis
Freud’s Theory of Personality
The Cognitive Social-Learning Approach
Principles of Learning and Behavior
Perspectives on Cognitive Social-Learning Theory
Perspectives on the Humanistic Approach
The Building Blocks of Personality
Construction of Multi-Trait Inventories
Introversion and Extraversion
Psychology Applied: Use of Personality Tests and Social Media Sites in Hiring
Perspectives: Do Traits Exist?
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Personality
Chapter 10: Life Span Development and Its Contexts
What Genes Are and How They Work
Talents Babies Are Born With
The Infant and the Growing Child
Cognition and Moral Reasoning
Social and Personality Development
Adulthood and Aging
Physical Changes in Adulthood
Aging and Cognitive Functions
Social and Personal Development
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Lifespan Development
Chapter 11. Social and Cultural Influences
Social Influence as Automatic
Group Processes
Cross-Cultural Perspectives
Cultural Diversity: A Fact of Life
Individualism and Collectivism: A Tale of Two Cultural Worldviews
Intergroup Discrimination
Stereotypes
Prejudice: The Motivational Roots
Racism in the United States
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Social and Cultural Influences
Chapter 12. Motivation and Emotion
General Theories of Motivation
The Pyramid of Human Motivations
Basic Appetitive and Social Motives
Specific Patterns of Arousal
Are There Group Differences in Emotions?
The Physiology of Emotion
The Social Function of Emotions
The Cognitive Component of Emotion
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 13. Health, Stress, and Wellness
Studying Health and Wellness
The Illness-Wellness Continuum
Theory of Planned Behavior
Illness Prevention and Health Promotion
Psychology Applied: Taking Control Over Portion Sizes
Sources and Types of Stress
Factors That Contribute to a Stress Response
Physiological Effects of Stress
Problem-Focused and Emotion-Focused Coping
Psychological Traits for Coping
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Health, Stress, and Wellness
Chapter 14. Psychological Disorders
Psychological Disorders: A General Outlook
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Defining Function and Dysfunction
Models of Psychopathology
Diagnosis: A Necessary Step
Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Suicidal Behavior
Major Depressive Disorder
Theories of Major Depressive Disorder
The Cycle of Major Depressive Disorder
Theories of Bipolar Disorder
Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Cultural Influences on Anxiety Disorders
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Theories of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive, Body Dysmorphic, and Eating Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Theories of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Personality Disorders and Schizophrenia
The Borderline Personality
The Antisocial Personality
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Theories of Schizophrenia
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Psychological Disorders
Chapter 15. Treatment and Interventions
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
Perspectives on Psychotherapy
The Bottom Line: Does Psychotherapy Work?
Are Some Therapies Better Than Others?
What Are the Active Ingredients?
What’s the Future of Psychotherapy?
Perspectives on Drug Therapies
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Treatment and Interventions
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index